Black Power is a political slogan espoused by black racialists and a name for various associated ideologies.^[1] It is used in the movement among people of Black African descent throughout the world, though primarily by African Americans in the United States.^[2] The movement was prominent in the late 1960s and early 1970s, emphasizing racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions to nurture and promote black collective interests^[3] and advance black values. "Black Power" expresses a range of political goals, from defense against racial oppression, to the establishment of separate social institutions and a self-sufficient economy.The earliest known usage of the term is found in a 1954 book by Richard Wright titled Black Power.^[4] New York politician Adam Clayton Powell Jr. used the term on May 29, 1966 during a baccalaureate address at Howard University: "To demand these God-given rights is to seek black power."