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Gregg Wilson
The Sun
I am going to describe the Sun but first I will let another author speak for me:
Pierre-Marie Robitaille, Ph.D. at the Ohio State University, Columus, Ohio:
1) If the Sun were a vapor, there could not be a continuous thermal spectrum. The vapors of hydrogen, helium and so on radiate only specific bands of color. A liquid phase Sun can and does give off a continuous spectrum of color.
2) The Sun exhibits light darkening as one views from the center of the Sun to the edge. This is not possible with gas phase but is normal for a liquid phase.
3) If the Sun were gaseous, then the Sun would collapse inward under the pressure of gravity. A vapor pressure offsetting the push of gravity would absolutely require a liquid rigid surface and relative incompressibility is the characteristic of a liquid phase.
4) The specific density of the Sun is too high for it to be a vapor phase. But a liquid phase can easily account for the average of 1.4 grams per cubic centimeter.
5) The Sun exhibits properties of seismolgy. That is, pressure waves. However, the gaseous model of the Sun sets the density of the photosphere at 10^(-7) grams per cubic centimeter. This is an extreme vacuum and such a vacuum cannot exhibit seismic waves. A liquid phase Sun can easily show seismic waves.
6) With a solar flare, the Sun shows the propagation of waves much like a pebble thrown into water. This is impossible for a vapor phase, but obviously a property of a liquid phase.
7) The Sun is not a perfect sphere but is oblate. This is possible only if the solar density is relatively constant. It is not possible for a vapor phase but is obviously connsistent with a liquid phase.
8) Superheated liquid easily explains solar flares since they represent the boiling action of a liquid. A gaseous phase cannot have solar flares.
9) The Sun shows pronounced flows at the surface mostly in a horizontal direction whereas the corona shows flows in the vertical direction. This is equivalent to Earth's ocean and its atmosphere. This is not possible for a vapor phase Sun.
10) The Swedish Solar Telescope has taken images of the Sun's surface at high resolution in 3D. It shows valleys, canyons and walls.
His words, not mine.
Critical constants of hydrogen and helium show that they cannot alone be in liquid phase at the Sun's temperature. However, liquid light carrying medium can be and is the liquid phase Sun. There are, of course, hydrogen and helium atoms within the liquid phase Sun, but the major ingredient is deuterium. There is both nuclear fusion and nuclear fission within the Sun, but they are not what makes the Sun very hot and very bright.
It is the graviton flux impacting the liquid phase light carrying medium which makes it boiling hot.
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